Appendix A Units

Quantity	Common Symbol	Unit	Unit in Terms of Base SI Units
Acceleration	$\vec{a}$	m/s²	m/s²
Amount of substance	n	mole	mol
Angle	$θ, ϕ$	radian (rad)
Angular acceleration	$\vec{α}$	rad/s²	s⁻²
Angular frequency	$ω$	rad/s	s⁻¹
Angular momentum	$\vec{L}$	$kg \cdot m^{2} /s$	$kg \cdot m^{2} /s$
Angular velocity	$\vec{ω}$	rad/s	s⁻¹
Area	A	m²	m²
Atomic number	Z
Capacitance	C	farad (F)	$A^{2} \cdot s^{4} / kg \cdot m^{2}$
Charge	q, Q, e	coulomb (C)	$A \cdot s$
Charge density:
Line	$λ$	C/m	$A \cdot s/m$
Surface	$σ$	C/m²	$A \cdot {s/m}^{2}$
Volume	$ρ$	C/m³	$A \cdot {s/m}^{3}$
Conductivity	$σ$	$1/ Ω \cdot m$	$A^{2} \cdot s^{3} /kg \cdot m^{3}$
Current	I	ampere	A
Current density	$\vec{J}$	A/m²	A/m²
Density	$ρ$	kg/m³	kg/m³
Dielectric constant	$κ$
Electric dipole moment	$\vec{p}$	$C \cdot m$	$A \cdot s \cdot m$
Electric field	$\vec{E}$	N/C	$kg \cdot m/A \cdot s^{3}$
Electric flux	$Φ$	$N \cdot m^{2} / C$	$kg \cdot m^{3} /A \cdot s^{3}$
Electromotive force	$ε$	volt (V)	$kg \cdot m^{2} /A \cdot s^{3}$
Energy	E,U,K	joule (J)	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2}$
Entropy	S	J/K	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2} \cdot K$
Force	$\vec{F}$	newton (N)	$kg \cdot {m/s}^{2}$
Frequency	f	hertz (Hz)	s⁻¹
Heat	Q	joule (J)	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2}$
Inductance	L	henry (H)	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/A}^{2} \cdot s^{2}$
Length:	$ℓ, L$	meter	m
Displacement	$Δ x, Δ \vec{r}$
Distance	d, h
Position	$x, y, z, \vec{r}$
Magnetic dipole moment	$\vec{μ}$	$N \cdot J/T$	$A \cdot m^{2}$
Magnetic field	$\vec{B}$	tesla (T) $= ({Wb/m}^{2})$	$kg/A \cdot s^{2}$
Magnetic flux	$Φ_{m}$	weber (Wb)	$kg \cdot m^{2} /A \cdot s^{2}$
Mass	m, M	kilogram	kg
Molar specific heat	C	$J/mol \cdot K$	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2} \cdot mol \cdot K$
Moment of inertia	I	$kg \cdot m^{2}$	$kg \cdot m^{2}$
Momentum	$\vec{p}$	$kg \cdot m/s$	$kg \cdot m/s$
Period	T	s	s
Permeability of free space	$μ_{0}$	${N/A}^{2} = (H/m)$	$kg \cdot {m/A}^{2} \cdot s^{2}$
Permittivity of free space	$ε_{0}$	$C^{2} /N \cdot m^{2} = (F/m)$	$A^{2} \cdot s^{4} /kg \cdot m^{3}$
Potential	V	volt (V) $= (J/C)$	$kg \cdot m^{2} /A \cdot s^{3}$
Power	P	watt (W) $= (J/s)$	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{3}$
Pressure	p	pascal (P) $= ({N/m}^{2})$	$kg/m \cdot s^{2}$
Resistance	R	ohm (Ω) $= (V/A)$	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/A}^{2} \cdot s^{3}$
Specific heat	c	$J/kg \cdot K$	$m^{2} {/s}^{2} \cdot K$
Speed	$ν$	m/s	m/s
Temperature	T	kelvin	K
Time	t	second	s
Torque	$\vec{τ}$	$N \cdot m$	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2}$
Velocity	$\vec{v}$	m/s	m/s
Volume	V	m³	m³
Wavelength	$λ$	m	m
Work	W	joule (J) $= (N \cdot m)$	$kg \cdot m^{2} {/s}^{2}$

Table A1 Units Used in Physics (Fundamental units in bold)