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Key Equations

Linear thermal expansion ΔL=αLΔT
Thermal expansion in two dimensions ΔA=2αAΔT
Thermal expansion in three dimensions ΔV=βVΔT
Heat transfer Q=mcΔT
Transfer of heat in a calorimeter Qcold+Qhot=0
Heat due to phase change (melting and freezing) Q=mLf
Heat due to phase change (evaporation and condensation) Q=mLv
Rate of conductive heat transfer P=kA(ThTc)d
Net rate of heat transfer by radiation Pnet=σeA(T24T14)
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